zhiwei zhiwei

Why Did They Write Neelix Out of Voyager? Unpacking the Departure of the Talaxian Chef

The Question That Lingers: Why Did They Write Neelix Out of Voyager?

It's a question that often pops up in online discussions and among dedicated fans of Star Trek: Voyager: why did Neelix, the cheerful, somewhat eccentric Talaxian chef and unofficial morale officer, ultimately depart the USS Voyager? For many viewers, his presence was a significant part of the show's early dynamic, offering a unique perspective on the Delta Quadrant and a decidedly un-Starfleet-like charm. His eventual absence from the bridge and the ship's operations, culminating in his departure in the series finale, "Endgame," left a void that some still ponder. Did the writers simply run out of storylines for him? Was there behind-the-scenes pressure? Or was his exit a carefully orchestrated part of the narrative's final resolution?

As a long-time follower of the Star Trek franchise, I’ve seen characters come and go, some with fanfare, others with a quiet fade. Neelix's situation felt a bit like the latter. He was introduced with considerable fanfare, designed to be the audience's guide to a strange new galaxy. He was the first truly non-Federation character to join the main cast, a bold move for a show set so far from home. His integration into the crew, particularly his evolving relationship with the children Kes and later Naomi Wildman, and his role as a bridge between the diverse species encountered, seemed integral to Voyager's mission of survival and exploration. So, when he eventually stepped off the ship, it raised more than a few eyebrows. It wasn't a sudden firing or a dramatic death; it was a choice, a deliberate decision that, from a narrative standpoint, necessitated careful consideration and explanation.

The truth, as is often the case with creative decisions in long-running television series, is multifaceted. It’s not a simple case of one single reason. Instead, it’s a confluence of factors, including evolving character arcs, the desire to bring the series to a satisfying conclusion, and perhaps even the practicalities of storytelling within the established universe. Examining Neelix's journey from his initial introduction as a desperate Delta Quadrant native seeking passage to his eventual role as an ambassador of sorts, we can begin to understand why his farewell, while perhaps surprising to some, was ultimately a fitting end to his time aboard Voyager.

The Role of Neelix: A Bridge to the Unknown

When Star Trek: Voyager first launched in 1995, the premise was inherently challenging: a Starfleet vessel and its crew stranded 70,000 light-years from home in an unexplored quadrant. To make this daunting journey relatable and engaging, the creators introduced Neelix, a Talaxian living in a derelict ship on the edge of the Delta Quadrant. His initial motivation was simple: he wanted to reach the Ocampa homeworld. However, his unique knowledge of the Delta Quadrant, its dangers, and its inhabitants quickly made him indispensable to Captain Janeway and her crew. He became their guide, their translator, and, in many ways, their first ambassador to the alien societies they encountered.

Neelix’s character was intentionally crafted to be an outsider, a stark contrast to the highly disciplined and often stoic Starfleet officers. His species, the Talaxians, had a history of conflict and loss, particularly due to the "Polaron radiation" used by the M'Kar in a devastating war, which had left Neelix's people scattered and struggling. This background infused Neelix with a deep sense of empathy and a yearning for connection, which he found, surprisingly, among the human crew of Voyager. His role as the ship's cook was more than just a plot device; it was a way for him to nurture and care for his new family, offering comfort through familiar (and sometimes exotic) foods. This was particularly crucial in the early seasons, as the crew grappled with the immense psychological toll of being so far from home.

Furthermore, Neelix served as a crucial narrative tool for exposition. As the audience, we were learning about the Delta Quadrant alongside him. His reactions to new phenomena, his explanations of alien customs, and his personal anecdotes all contributed to building the world of Voyager. He brought a much-needed element of the unexpected, of improvisation and unconventional thinking, that often contrasted with Janeway's by-the-book approach. He wasn't afraid to be emotional, to be vulnerable, or to make mistakes, making him a more human (or perhaps, more "alien" in a relatable way) character for the audience to connect with. His infectious optimism, even in the face of overwhelming odds, often provided a much-needed morale boost for both the crew and the viewers.

Consider his initial interactions with Tuvok. The Vulcan's logic and stoicism were frequently met with Neelix's effusive, sometimes overbearing, enthusiasm. This comedic tension, while sometimes a source of humor, also highlighted the diverse ways of understanding and interacting with the universe. Neelix represented the emotional, the intuitive, and the culturally diverse, aspects that enriched the tapestry of the Voyager crew. He was a reminder that Starfleet, while striving for a unified ideal, was made up of individuals with vast and varied experiences, and that true exploration involved embracing those differences.

The Evolution of Neelix's Character Arc

As the seasons progressed, Neelix’s role within the crew underwent significant evolution. Initially, he was the "guide" and "cook." However, his character wasn't static. The writers, bless their creative souls, did attempt to give him more depth than just being the comic relief or the resident alien. His relationship with Kes was a significant subplot, showcasing his capacity for love and his desire for a stable family unit. When Kes eventually left Voyager in the episode "The Gift," it was a pivotal moment for Neelix, forcing him to confront loss and redefine his place on the ship.

Following Kes's departure, Neelix's role shifted somewhat. He became more of a mentor figure, particularly to Naomi Wildman, a human child born aboard Voyager. His care and patience with Naomi demonstrated a more mature and nurturing side of his personality. He also continued to act as a confidant and informal therapist for various crew members, offering an outsider's perspective on their struggles, often with surprising insight. His anxieties about being inadequate or overlooked, particularly in comparison to the highly skilled Starfleet officers, were recurring themes that added layers to his character.

One of the more ambitious storylines for Neelix was his foray into medical knowledge. Driven by his desire to be more useful and to potentially help his people, he began studying medicine under the tutelage of the Doctor. While this was often played for humor due to his clumsy attempts and unconventional methods, it also illustrated his aspiration for self-improvement and his dedication to the crew. He wanted to contribute in ways beyond cooking and morale boosting. This pursuit, however, also led to some less-than-stellar moments, such as the controversial episode "Fair Haven" where his holographic creation, a tavern in Ireland, became entangled with Tom Paris and a holo-program. These kinds of storylines, while sometimes entertaining, also sometimes led to criticism that Neelix was being used in ways that didn't always serve his character development.

Despite these efforts, there was a persistent feeling among some fans, and perhaps even within the writers' room, that Neelix’s character had reached a natural plateau. His initial purpose as a guide had diminished as Voyager ventured further into the Delta Quadrant and encountered new species on a regular basis. The crew had become more accustomed to their surroundings, and while Neelix remained valuable, his role as the sole bridge to the unknown had lessened. His anxieties and insecurities, while relatable, also sometimes made him appear less confident and competent, which could be frustrating for viewers who wanted to see him thrive.

The "Neelix Problem" in the Writer's Room

It's a common observation among critics and fans alike that characters who aren't part of the core Starfleet command structure can sometimes struggle to find consistent and compelling storylines in Star Trek. Neelix, by his very nature, was an outsider to Starfleet. While this was his initial strength, it also presented a challenge for writers trying to integrate him into the ship's operational and dramatic core. How do you keep a non-Starfleet, non-officer character consistently engaged in the primary mission without stretching credibility too thin?

One of the perceived "problems" with Neelix, from a storytelling perspective, might have been his inherent optimism and eagerness to please. While these were charming traits, they could also make him less prone to the internal conflicts and philosophical dilemmas that often drive compelling character arcs in Star Trek. The show often focused on Captain Janeway's moral quandaries, the Doctor's struggle for personhood, or Seven of Nine's de-evolution from the Borg. Neelix, by contrast, was often the character who offered comfort or a simple solution, rather than presenting a complex problem.

The writers likely wrestled with how to elevate Neelix's role without making him suddenly a tactical genius or a brilliant scientist, which would have been out of character. They did attempt to give him more agency and personal stakes, as seen in his relationships and his pursuit of medical knowledge. However, these storylines, while present, didn't always feel as central or as impactful as the arcs of characters like Janeway, Chakotay, or even the evolving Seven of Nine.

Moreover, as the series progressed and the crew became more familiar with the Delta Quadrant, Neelix's initial function as a guide became less pronounced. While he continued to offer his knowledge, the crew themselves had developed significant experience and expertise in navigating the alien territories. This meant that his unique selling point, his role as the Delta Quadrant expert, gradually diminished in importance. This isn't to say he was no longer valuable, but the narrative impetus for his specific skillset became less urgent.

The addition of Seven of Nine in Season 4 also had an impact, though perhaps not a direct one on Neelix's existence. Seven's assimilation and subsequent de-assimilation provided a rich source of character exploration, focusing on themes of identity, humanity, and individuality – core Star Trek tenets. While Seven and Neelix occupied different narrative spaces, the sheer amount of narrative focus required for Seven's complex journey might have implicitly drawn resources and attention away from developing Neelix's storylines further. It's a difficult balancing act for any show to manage a large ensemble cast with meaningful arcs for everyone.

The Series Finale: "Endgame" and Neelix's Departure

The decision to write Neelix out of Voyager was ultimately crystallized in the series finale, "Endgame." This two-part episode was tasked with bringing the long journey home to a conclusion, and in doing so, it had to address the fate of every major character. For Neelix, his departure was framed not as an expulsion or a sad farewell, but as an opportunity for him to finally fulfill a long-held dream and to embrace a new role that suited his evolving character.

In "Endgame," Captain Janeway, facing a moral dilemma regarding the timeline and the potential consequences of her actions, makes a radical decision to travel back in time and prevent the destruction of the USS Stargazer. During this temporal excursion, Neelix is entrusted with a critical mission: to escort a group of Talaxian refugees, who have been displaced by the ongoing conflict with the M'Kar, to a new, habitable planet. This mission allows him to reconnect with his own people and to actively participate in ensuring their future, a poignant full circle for a character who had lost so much of his own past.

Upon successfully completing this mission and seeing the refugees settled, Neelix is offered a position as an ambassador to the newly established Talaxian colony. This role is presented as a perfect fit for him. He has the diplomatic skills, the empathy, and the deep understanding of Talaxian culture and history to bridge gaps and foster peace. It's a position of significance and purpose, one that allows him to leverage his unique strengths and experiences in a way that directly benefits his own species.

Captain Janeway, in a touching moment, acknowledges Neelix's invaluable contributions to Voyager and expresses her gratitude. His farewell is not one of forced departure but of chosen destiny. He is leaving Voyager to embark on a new adventure, one that aligns with his personal aspirations and his cultural heritage. The narrative frames his exit as a positive step, a culmination of his growth and a testament to the bonds he forged on the ship. He had found a family in Voyager, but now he was going back to help rebuild his own.

The specific wording used in the episode emphasizes this. When speaking with Janeway, Neelix expresses his desire to help his people, to use his knowledge and experience for their benefit. Janeway, in turn, recognizes that this is a chance for him to find a new sense of belonging and purpose. It’s a bittersweet goodbye, as the crew loses a beloved member, but it’s also a hopeful conclusion for Neelix himself. He is no longer just the stranded alien looking for a ride; he is a respected figure ready to contribute meaningfully to his community.

Behind-the-Scenes Considerations and Fan Reactions

While the in-universe explanation for Neelix’s departure is carefully crafted, it’s always worth considering the behind-the-scenes realities that might have influenced such a decision. In television production, especially for long-running series, character departures are often driven by a combination of creative direction, actor availability, and even financial considerations. The writers for Star Trek: Voyager, like any creative team, would have been constantly evaluating the ensemble cast and looking for ways to refresh the narrative and keep the show compelling.

Ethan Phillips, the actor who portrayed Neelix, was a significant part of the show for its entire run, appearing in all 172 episodes. His performance was integral to the character's charm and resilience. However, after seven seasons, it's not uncommon for actors to seek new challenges, or for producers to feel that a character's story has reached its natural conclusion, allowing for the introduction of new elements or a tightening of the focus on the core characters.

From a creative standpoint, the writers may have felt that Neelix’s character arc had been largely explored. His initial role as the Delta Quadrant guide had naturally diminished. While he could have continued as the ship's cook and morale officer, bringing him to a point where he could establish his own new life, separate from Voyager, offered a more definitive and satisfying conclusion to his individual journey. It allowed him to fulfill a narrative purpose that felt earned.

Fan reactions to Neelix's departure were, predictably, mixed. Some viewers were saddened to see him go, having grown attached to his quirky personality, his unwavering optimism, and his role as a surrogate family member. They missed his distinctive laugh, his culinary creations (however questionable they sometimes were), and his comforting presence. For these fans, Neelix was an integral part of the Voyager family, and his absence was keenly felt.

On the other hand, many fans understood and even welcomed the decision. As discussed earlier, Neelix’s character had, for some, struggled to maintain a consistent narrative focus throughout the series. His departure in the finale allowed for a clean break and a focus on the core mission of returning home. For those who found Neelix's character occasionally grating or underdeveloped, his exit was seen as a positive step that allowed the remaining characters to have more screen time and focus. The finale was about bringing the ship home, and while Neelix was a part of that journey, his final act was to find his own way home, or rather, to help his people find theirs.

Ultimately, the decision to write Neelix out was likely a strategic one, aiming to provide closure for his character while also serving the broader narrative goals of the series finale. It wasn't a reflection of a lack of appreciation for the character or the actor, but rather a creative choice designed to bring the story to a resonant and meaningful end.

Neelix's Legacy: More Than Just a Chef

Despite his eventual departure, Neelix left an indelible mark on Star Trek: Voyager. His legacy extends far beyond his role as the ship's chef or its unofficial morale officer. He represented something crucial to the success of Voyager's mission: the power of adaptation, empathy, and finding common ground in the most alien of circumstances. He was a constant reminder that the Federation's ideals, while noble, were best realized through understanding and compassion, not just through scientific advancement or military prowess.

Neelix embodied the spirit of resilience. His species had endured immense suffering and displacement. Yet, he faced the challenges of the Delta Quadrant with a remarkable degree of optimism and a willingness to forge new connections. He demonstrated that even after profound loss, it is possible to find joy, purpose, and love. This message resonated deeply, especially for a show about a crew facing an equally daunting, prolonged period of isolation.

His interactions with the Doctor, particularly their ongoing "rivalry" and eventual begrudging respect, provided some of the show’s most memorable moments. These interactions highlighted the contrast between logic and emotion, between artificiality and genuine feeling, and ultimately, showed how different beings could learn from each other and grow. The Doctor, an EMH program designed for medical emergencies, found himself constantly challenged and, in some ways, humanized by Neelix's very un-human, very emotional approach to life.

Neelix also played a vital role in the development of other characters, most notably Kes. Their relationship, though ultimately doomed, showcased Neelix's capacity for deep affection and commitment. He was a flawed but loving partner, and his grief over Kes's departure underscored the emotional stakes of being stranded so far from home. Later, his nurturing relationship with Naomi Wildman demonstrated his inherent kindness and his desire to protect and guide the younger generation.

His contributions to the crew's understanding of the Delta Quadrant cannot be overstated. He was their initial, and often most reliable, source of information. He navigated them through treacherous nebulae, explained alien customs, and brokered peace with species that might have otherwise viewed Voyager with suspicion. He was, in essence, the bridge that allowed the heavily Federation-centric crew to survive and, eventually, thrive in an alien galaxy.

Even his culinary endeavors, often a source of humor, served a deeper purpose. Food is a fundamental aspect of culture and comfort. Neelix's cooking, whether it was "Gagh" inspired or his own Talaxian specialties, was a way for him to connect with the crew on a primal level, to offer them a taste of home (or at least, a taste of *something*) in the vast emptiness of space. It was an act of service, a way of nurturing his found family.

His final role as an ambassador to the Talaxian colony is perhaps the most fitting testament to his legacy. He took the lessons learned from his time on Voyager – the importance of diplomacy, understanding, and building community – and applied them to helping his own people rebuild their lives. He became a symbol of hope and a testament to the enduring power of connection, even across vast distances and seemingly insurmountable differences.

Frequently Asked Questions About Neelix's Departure

Why did Neelix leave Voyager in the series finale?

Neelix's departure from the USS Voyager in the series finale, "Endgame," was a deliberate narrative choice designed to provide him with a meaningful conclusion to his character arc. In the episode, Captain Janeway undertakes a mission that involves time travel, and as part of this mission, Neelix is tasked with escorting a group of Talaxian refugees to a new home. Upon successfully completing this humanitarian mission, he is offered and accepts a role as an ambassador to the newly established Talaxian colony. This was presented as an opportunity for Neelix to finally reconnect with and actively contribute to his own people's future, utilizing his unique experiences and diplomatic skills. It was framed as a positive step, allowing him to fulfill a long-held desire to help his species rebuild after the devastating war with the M'Kar. His departure was not an expulsion but a chosen path, allowing him to embrace a new destiny and purpose that aligned with his cultural heritage and the lessons he learned aboard Voyager.

Was Ethan Phillips, the actor who played Neelix, leaving the show?

Ethan Phillips, the actor who portrayed Neelix, was a series regular for the entire seven-season run of Star Trek: Voyager, appearing in all 172 episodes. While his contract would have naturally concluded with the end of the series, his character's departure in the finale was a creative decision by the writers to provide a specific narrative closure for Neelix. It is not uncommon for long-running shows to write out characters as part of their concluding episodes, especially when there's a desire to focus on the core mission's resolution or to offer a character a fitting send-off. The decision to have Neelix leave was about his character's story reaching a natural and satisfying endpoint, rather than being directly dictated by the actor's personal plans beyond the series' conclusion. Phillips himself has spoken positively about his time on the show and his portrayal of Neelix.

Did the writers run out of ideas for Neelix?

The idea that writers "ran out of ideas" for a character is often an oversimplification. In Neelix's case, it's more accurate to say that his character's narrative purpose evolved and, by the series finale, reached a natural conclusion. Initially, Neelix served as the primary guide and exposition tool for the Delta Quadrant, a role that was essential in the early seasons when the crew was completely unfamiliar with their surroundings. As Voyager traveled further and the crew gained more experience, this specific function naturally diminished. While the writers did attempt to give Neelix new storylines, such as his pursuit of medical knowledge or his relationships, these arcs didn't always command the same narrative focus as the core conflicts involving Captain Janeway or the integration of Seven of Nine. By the end of the series, his character had developed to a point where a new, significant role—that of a Talaxian ambassador—was a logical and fulfilling way to conclude his journey, rather than forcing him into repetitive or less impactful storylines.

What was the fan reaction to Neelix's departure?

Fan reactions to Neelix's departure were quite varied, reflecting the character's divisive nature among the Star Trek fanbase. Some viewers were genuinely saddened to see Neelix go. They had grown attached to his optimistic outlook, his quirky sense of humor, his culinary efforts, and his role as a sort of "heart" of the ship, offering comfort and companionship. For these fans, Neelix was an integral part of the Voyager family, and his absence was a loss. On the other hand, a significant portion of the fanbase found Neelix's character to be, at times, annoying, overly simplistic, or lacking in the depth often associated with Star Trek protagonists. For these viewers, Neelix's departure was seen as a positive development, allowing for more focus on other characters and potentially elevating the overall narrative quality of the show. His character, while unique, didn't always resonate with the core Star Trek audience in the same way as characters grappling with more complex philosophical or existential questions. Therefore, his exit was often met with a sense of relief or understanding from a segment of the viewership.

How did Neelix contribute to Voyager's success?

Neelix's contributions to Voyager's success were multifaceted and significant, extending beyond his role as a simple crew member. Firstly, as the ship's initial guide to the Delta Quadrant, he provided invaluable knowledge and context that was crucial for the crew's survival in an uncharted and often dangerous region of space. He was their eyes and ears, helping them navigate alien customs, terrains, and potential threats. Secondly, Neelix served as the ship's chef, a role that offered more than just sustenance. Food is a powerful tool for morale and comfort, and Neelix's cooking, however unconventional, was a way for him to nurture and care for his found family. He brought a sense of home and normalcy to the crew's extraordinary circumstances. Thirdly, and perhaps most importantly, Neelix acted as an informal morale officer and cultural bridge. His optimistic spirit, his empathy, and his willingness to connect with all species, including those who were wary of Voyager, fostered understanding and occasionally averted conflict. He represented the non-Federation perspective, enriching the crew's worldview and demonstrating the Federation's ideals in action through personal connection rather than solely through official protocol. His relationships with characters like Kes and Naomi Wildman also added emotional depth to the series. In essence, Neelix was a vital component in making Voyager's long journey feel less like a military operation and more like a community striving to survive and explore.

Thematic Resonance: Why Neelix's Exit Mattered

The departure of Neelix from Star Trek: Voyager was more than just the removal of a character from the cast; it was a thematic statement about journeys, belonging, and the ultimate goal of returning home, both literally and figuratively. For Neelix, his journey had been one of profound loss and a search for belonging. Stranded and with little hope for his people, he found a new family aboard Voyager. However, his inherent nature, rooted in his Talaxian heritage and his experiences, always hinted at a deeper need for connection to his own kind and his own culture.

His eventual role as an ambassador wasn't just a convenient plot device to write him out; it represented the culmination of his personal growth. He had spent years adapting to a new life, learning from Starfleet, and forming bonds with non-Talaxians. In accepting the ambassadorial role, he was not abandoning his experiences on Voyager, but rather integrating them into a new purpose that honored his origins. He was taking the lessons of diplomacy, empathy, and resilience he learned from Janeway and her crew and applying them to the betterment of his own species. This thematic arc resonated with the core Star Trek idea of individuals contributing their unique skills and perspectives to a greater good, whether that good is within Starfleet or within their own communities.

Furthermore, Neelix's departure mirrored the show's ultimate objective: returning home. While the Voyager crew's home was Earth, Neelix's "home" was more complex. It involved reconnecting with his heritage and helping to rebuild a future for the Talaxians. His act of helping the refugees find a new home and then choosing to stay with them as an ambassador was a powerful metaphor for finding one's true place and purpose. It underscored that "home" isn't always a geographical location but can also be a state of being, a commitment to a cause, or a fulfillment of one's destiny.

The timing of his departure in "Endgame" was also significant. The finale was about closure for the entire crew. For Neelix, that closure meant finding a definitive path forward that wasn't solely defined by his survival on Voyager. It was about stepping into his own future, a future he helped to create. This provided a sense of agency and self-determination that had perhaps been missing from his character at times, where he often seemed to be reacting to circumstances rather than driving them.

In essence, Neelix's farewell allowed him to achieve a form of "homecoming" that was both personal and communal. He was able to leverage his experiences aboard Voyager to serve his people, demonstrating that the bonds forged on the ship, while significant, did not preclude him from fulfilling his own unique destiny. His exit served as a poignant reminder that even in the vastness of space, the search for belonging and purpose is a universal theme, and that the greatest journeys often lead us back to where we truly belong, or to where we can make the most meaningful difference.

The fact that he wasn't simply erased or forgotten, but given a specific, fulfilling role, speaks to the writers' intention to provide a respectful and earned conclusion to his character. It affirmed that his presence on Voyager had been valuable, not just as a plot device, but as a character who evolved and contributed to the overarching narrative of survival, exploration, and the enduring hope of returning home.

Conclusion: The Final Voyage of Neelix

So, to definitively answer "Why did they write Neelix out of Voyager?" the answer is a blend of narrative evolution, character culmination, and the desire for a fitting conclusion in the series finale. Neelix, the Talaxian chef and morale officer, was a unique and vital presence aboard the USS Voyager during its long journey through the Delta Quadrant. He served as an essential guide, a source of comfort, and a bridge between the Starfleet crew and the myriad alien cultures they encountered.

As the series progressed, his initial role as an expositional guide naturally lessened. The writers, however, consistently sought to imbue him with depth, exploring his relationships, his aspirations for self-improvement, and his internal struggles. By the time of the series finale, "Endgame," Neelix's character had evolved to a point where his skills and experiences were perfectly suited for a new, impactful role. His mission to escort Talaxian refugees and his subsequent acceptance of an ambassadorial position allowed him to reconnect with his heritage and contribute directly to the rebuilding of his people's future. This was not an ending forced upon him but a destiny he embraced, a fulfillment of his journey from a solitary survivor to a respected figure of his own species.

Behind the scenes, the decision was likely influenced by the natural progression of a long-running series, seeking to provide satisfying conclusions for its ensemble cast. The narrative choice to remove Neelix from the ship allowed for a sharper focus on the core mission of returning home and provided a conclusive arc for his character, rather than leaving him in a state of narrative stasis. While fan reactions were divided, the writers aimed for a resolution that was thematically resonant, mirroring the show's overarching journey of survival and the ultimate return to one's own kind or chosen purpose.

Neelix’s legacy is one of resilience, empathy, and the enduring power of connection. He reminded the crew, and the viewers, that even in the most desolate circumstances, hope can be found, and that true exploration involves understanding and embracing those who are different. His departure, though perhaps a surprise to some, was a well-earned and fitting conclusion to his voyage aboard Voyager, allowing him to embark on his own vital mission, leaving behind a ship and a crew that had become his unexpected, yet cherished, family.

Copyright Notice: This article is contributed by internet users, and the views expressed are solely those of the author. This website only provides information storage space and does not own the copyright, nor does it assume any legal responsibility. If you find any content on this website that is suspected of plagiarism, infringement, or violation of laws and regulations, please send an email to [email protected] to report it. Once verified, this website will immediately delete it.。